Prime Ministers of India Essay

The Prime Minister of India, as routed to in the Constitution of India, is the head of government, boss guide to the President of India, leader of the Council of Ministers and the pioneer of the lion's share party in parliament. The PM drives the official part of the Government of India. The PM is the senior individual from bureau in the official part of government in a parliamentary framework. The executive chooses and can excuse different individuals from the bureau; apportions presents on individuals inside the Government; is the managing part and director of the bureau and is liable for bringing proposition of enactment. The acquiescence or passing of the head administrator breaks up the bureau. The PM is delegated by the president to help the last in the organization of the undertakings of the official. Current Prime Minister †The officeholder leader is Manmohan Singh, in office since 22 May 2004. Job and intensity of the executive The executive leads the working and exercise of power of the Government of India. He is welcomed by the President of India in the Parliament of India as pioneer of the lion's share gathering to shape a legislature at the administrative level (known as Central or Union Government in India) and exercise its forces. Practically speaking the head administrator chooses the individuals from their Council of Ministers[3][4][5] to the president. The executive speaks to the nation in different designations, significant level gatherings and global associations that require the participation of the most noteworthy government office[9] and furthermore addresses to the country on different issues of national or other significance. Choice procedure Qualification An executive must: * be a resident of India. * be an individual from the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. * be over 25 years old in the event that he is an individual from Lok Sabha or over 30 years old on the off chance that he is an individual from the Rajya Sabha. * not hold any office of benefit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any nearby or other position Promise The Prime Minister is required to make and buy in within the sight of President of India before entering office, the promise of office and mystery. Head administrators of India 1. Jawaharlal Nehru (fifteenth August 1947 †27 May 1964) 2. Gulzarilal Nanda ( 27 May 1964 †9 June 1964) 3. Lal Bahadur Shastri (9 June 1964 †11 January 1966) 4. Indira Gandhi (24 January 1966 †24 March 1977, 14 June 1980 †31 October 1984) 5. Morarji Desai (24March 1977 †28 July 1979) 6. CHaran Singh (28 July 1979 †14 January 1980) 7. Rajiv Gandhi ( 31 October 1984 †2 December 1989) 8. Vishwanath Pratap Singh ( 2 Decemeber 1989 †10 November 1990) 9. Chandra Shekhar (10 November 1990 †21 June 1991) 10. P.V. Narsimha Rao ( 21 June 1991 †16 May 1996) 11. H.D.Deve. Gowda (1 june 1996 †21 April 1997) 12. I.K. Gujral (21 April 1997 †19 March 1998) 13. Atal Bihari Vajpayee ( 19 March 1998 †22 May 2004) 14. Manmohan Singh ( 22 May 2004 †till now)

The Wieght Of Puishment Essay Example For Students

The Wieght Of Puishment Essay THE WEIGHT OF PUNISHMENTCapital discipline, known as capital punishment isn't drilled in all states. So as to get or fit the bill for capital punishment you would need to submit murder, which is removing a blameless individual life from our general public. To submit an undesirable demonstration like that an individual must be sick and shameless. At the point when I see individuals holding up signs, walking or giving addresses on how we need to surrendered capital punishment I become ill to my stomach. Any individual that was eager to remove a blameless people life ought to be happy to satisfy the discipline. On the off chance that we manage without capital punishment that won't give any earnestness to the demonstration of homicide. I completely concur with the death penalty. For the utilitarian, discipline is possibly viewed to as though there is bliss made and misery not made. From the utilitarian perspective the death penalty is acceptable on the off chance that it forestalls or stops the criminal from rehashing the wrongdoing and furthermore dissuades others in showcasing a wrongdoing later on. One issue utilitarian musings have are, as a matter of first importance utilitarian attempt to diminish the measure of despondency as much as possible, in doing that they are likewise decreasing the measure of discipline given for the demonstration of homicide. So by this reality it isn't right to diminish the measure of discipline just to make bliss. A homicide merits each ounce of discipline that joins the cost of executing. The retributive contemplations of the death penalty, as a matter of first importance is that all hoodlums gain discipline and furthermore adding to this is the discipline ought to be equivalent in treatment to the wrongdoing. Retributive likewise conforms to tit for tat, much the same as the measure of discipline depends on the level of the wrongdoing. The issue with retributive reasoning is that on the off chance that you murder two individuals the discipline you merit undeniably progressively, at that point only the executing of you, yet the slaughtering of one of your relatives. The retributive sentiment is more on an individual disapproved of avocation, for instance on the off chance that you address a casualty who simply had his significant other and little girl killed by someone else he will need the equivalent done to him due to the pshycolgical impact that was put on the person in question. My sentiment on capital punishment is that on the off chance that you submit a killing you merit the discipline that joins it. I wonder why the states hold up a normal of twenty years to place a homicide in the seat; there ought not be a hole between the wrongdoing and the discipline. Consistently after the executioner gets the chance to live after the wrongdoing the individual in question is being dealt with unjustifiably toward the casualties rights. I am not discussing a criminal demonstration comprising of taken products or ambush of someone else Im looking at taking blameless people life for reasons unknown. I believe that is an exceptionally wiped out and unlawful act to submit; the punishment ought to be given as quick as could reasonably be expected, to show the significance of guiltless life. The death penalty ought to consistently be drilled; it is or can be thought of as a controller of society. As such it resembles a ruler, the individuals who follow won't get discipline, and the individuals who don't tail it will get the discipline. People in general merits the security of the death penalty. The death penalty terrifies individuals pondering carrying out a wrongdoing. This is a demonstrated reality; you can look into the accounts of states with capital punishment and see that the murdering rate has gone down since the law was passed. A great many people dread demise and the death penalty is dread itself, numerous individuals will abstain from coming to struggle with the law. Putting somebody on existence without any chance to appeal resembles giving him a blessing. A few people will kill or perpetrate a wrongdoing just to be sent to prison, they feel like it will be a superior life for them. They get three suppers every day and have a haven to remain in, however we would prefer not to give a criminal what he needs, we need to give him the greatest discipline for his wrongdoing. Regardless of whether we didn't have proof of prevention and dread we de spite everything need to act typically, that is we offer discipline to who merits it and just when demonstrated of the criminal demonstration. .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 , .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .postImageUrl , .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 , .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:hover , .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:visited , .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:active { border:0!important; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:active , .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea 32a6fdda1dfbcf5 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucf50309d02fe564ea32a6fdda1dfbcf5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Plot and subplot EssayWith all these negative contemplations of rebuffing one may state there is an option in contrast to the death penalty, similar to existence without the chance for further appeal. Indeed many can contend, that is a harsh discipline and that it likewise can deflect individuals from submitting an unlawful demonstration. Numerous individuals can likewise give a contention for the sake of adjusting a brutal demonstration with another fierce demonstration. The death penalty possibly a rough represent numerous individuals. Capital punishment doesn't permit the casualty to switch and shape up to fit in the general pub lic later on. One may state that it's anything but a decent demonstration since we show executing isn't right with murdering another, and we likewise have elective courses to too give instances of what you will expect on the off chance that you slaughter. At the point when we murder somebody regarding discourage others we are just utilizing or controlling that individual and that is an off-base act. Numerous contentions will utilize the expense of capital punishment contrasted with life in jail. Life in jail is far more affordable then capital punishment. We can set aside cash and still rebuff crooks simultaneously. Indeed they are on the whole great contentions, yet as a matter of first importance I will begin with the contention of having an option in contrast to capital punishment. There is no other option or replacement for capital punishment. There is nothing on the planet that will hinder future crooks, yet demise itself. In the event that we apply existence without any chance to appeal that would state hears is a slap on the wrist, and you never do that again. A few people simply need a superior spot to remain and better dinners to eat, so they carry out the wrongdoing trusting they get some jail time. Should we let the criminal get what he needs or should we let the casualty have their vengeance on the off chance that the person in question was as yet alive. The subsequent contention is we can not right a rough wrongdoing with a brutal demonstration. There is no other method of rectifying a rough wrongdoing. We cannot right a criminal by remunerating him. This will totally universalize t he demonstration of murdering. Indeed murdering isn't right yet we give the criminal what the individual merits willing they comprehend the outcomes. Truly we are utilizing a criminal for instance, however I think on the off chance that you have the respectability to carry out a ghastly demonstration you have the right to be deprived of every one of your privileges as a human. The last and last contention I figure individuals will give was that of the expense of capital punishment. This nation spends a lot of cash on things we dont need as of now and age. So if individuals think we are spending a great deal of cash on capital punishment they are thoroughly off-base, most importantly you ought to be worried on how your expense dollar is spent on futile stuff and afterward think how helpful capital punishment is. Capital punishment merits each penny put in it, it is useful to you and I, and it keeps us safe and hinders wrongdoing in our general public. By you saying it is pricey you a re stating the human life removed was not worth the cash spent on capital punishment. Human life is extremely valuable and for you to consider setting aside cash by not holding a candle to the current situation capital punishment you are crazy and you have no sympathy for the life of others. Murder ought to be paid attention to. The criminal merits the most discipline conceivable. I accept in the event that we abrogate capital punishment we will be acting shameless toward human rights. Each human is given an equivalent chance to be instructed and to be fruitful throughout everyday life. There is no motivation behind why anyones life ought to be removed. Any individual who submits a demonstration of homicide is completely equipped for understanding the punishment that joins murder. All together for the law to keep its regard, we should rebuff each criminal for his demonstration. Murder is the most dreadful wrongdoing there is. Anything short of the passing penalt

What Your Daily Professional Communication Reveals About You

What Your Daily Professional Communication Reveals About You Noted American author Mark Twain, knew better than most how powerful communication can be. In fact, here is his advice concerning word choice in communicating: The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug. And he was right. Choosing the right words based on context, audience and purpose separates effective communicators from ineffective ones across the board at every level of every business enterprise.What this means is that communicating with others is a nuanced art. In order to do it correctly, you have to understand that words have layers of meaning and those meanings can change, depending on audience and context. In such, a smart communicator always considers his or her context (setting), intent and audience before choosing which words to use and the way in which to use them. This type of approach to communication makes the act more powerful, more efficient and more beneficial for you or your career.In fac t, a professionals style of communication and ability to communicate effectively can often make or break a business transaction or deal. Its the reason why communicationâ€"both written and verbalâ€"is a skill that is highly sought after by companies who want employees that will build the companys reputation through excellent customer service and top-notch professionalism in everything they do. Communication is key to interaction, and interactionâ€"both with fellow employees and with present or potential clientsâ€"is vital to a businesss success.For this reason, if you are a professional, you should stop for a moment to take an honest assessment of your current communication methods and strategies to determine if what you are doing is portraying the picture you want to portray about the level of professionalism you hope to provide for your clients and business associates. Your communication throughout the business dayâ€"whether its a quick email to a co-worker or a letter written to a potential clientâ€"reveals more than you realize about what kind of professional you are, and what your idea of professionalism entails.Below are some of the things your daily business communication may reveal about you, whether you want it to or not:If youre distractedAs communication between smartphones and other mobile devices has become the new norm, it is easy to forego traditional salutations and closings and opt for a more curt approach. After allâ€"if it feels like texting, why not just apply the informal feel of texting to your words, right? From a professional standpoint, this is a very incorrect assumption that can be harmful to your reputation, as well as that of your company.While the prevalence of email as a primary communication tool has admittedly lowered the level of formality that was once used in business communication, accessing that email on smartphones and tablets can run the risk of lowering it even further, until the communication doesnt come across as prof essional at all. In many cases of professional emails sent while on the go and via smartphones, the result ends up reading like a curt, impolite communication style that sounds more like texts than professional business communication.If you choose to (or are forced to) answer work emails on a mobile device, keep in mind that it is still likely to be read as an email on the receivers end. Any greetings or closings that you would typically use in email correspondence should be retained, even if it takes longer to type the words on your mobile device. If the email correspondence is between you and a co-worker, so that the salutations and closings are not necessary, that is one thing; writing with that level of informality to clients, however, or to potential associates with whom you are not in daily communication, is something that should always be avoided.You should also be aware that returning emails via a mobile device often entails writing that communique while distracted by other things around you. Your words will not be as carefully chosen as they would have been if you were less distracted, and your response will likely reflect this distraction. Also, issues like incorrect spelling and grammar, or incorrectly typed words, often occur when professionals conduct correspondence this way.If you enjoy your jobThe amount of passion and energy you bring to your work is reflected in your day-to-day written communication with co-workers and clients. Dont be fooled by the electronic nature of the communicationâ€"the words you choose and their tone will play a large role in determining how the audience of those words perceives you. Someone who enjoys what they do will take the extra time to make sure communication is successfulâ€"whether its several follow-up questions or touching base to make sure a task is going smoothly.If youre lazyA lazy professional will ask questions of others, both in written and verbal communication, that can be found online readily or in an other easily accessed source. To avoid doing this, be sure that the questions you ask in your email are directed to the best party to answer them. If its a question that can be found with a quick Google search or a look at the clients website or file, find the answer yourself. Being a self-sufficient professional who doesnt add workload to others (who are likely stressed under their own workload) speaks volumes for your level of consideration for others and your understanding of following a team-oriented approach.

The Selection Of A Diverse Population Of P. Fluorescens

The selection of a diverse population of P. fluorescens can be accounted best by originating from a common ancestor than from a complex web. Under ideal conditions, cellular transformation can provide new traits, perhaps offering a higher fitness, but such occurrences lacked consistency and were insignificant to the frequency of mutations in heterogeneous microcosms. Thus adaptive radiation is the driving force of the differential fitness between populations. The research goal was to test whether P. fluorescens phenotypes that could more easily pick up extracellular DNA will be conferred with higher fitness. Prokaryotic evolution has been shaped by transformation, as the environment is a host to a variety of extracellular DNA that is replenished by organisms as quickly as it’s degraded, provided that the trait offers a fitness advantage that allows for conjugation between bacteria (Levy-Booth et al., 2007). If such were the case in the microcosms, there would be a phenotype that was able to intake plasmids at a higher rate and had higher relative fitness values; however, besides for an occasional anomaly in data, there was insignificant intake of DNA across all phenotypes. Cellular competency cannot account for the observed traits in phenotypes as well. A phenotype that had the ability to incorporate genes should have higher fitness in both niches, thus having higher fitness regardless of the frequency dependency or previous niche specialization. The fitness assay results

Strategic HRM in the hospitality industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2149 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Strategic Human Resource management is crucial for the Hospitality industry because in this service sector industry the product or the revenue generator and human Resource or employees or associates are serving the guest. This means that the Human Resource is very important as well as crucial in the service sector industry. The Strategic Human Resource Management in the hospitality industry is very well associated with the Human beings which is the asset of the organization to achieve its goals thus in simple language it is the backbone of the organization. To achieve its goals the associates have to be very well groomed for the organization to look upon the quality of the service and the customer care. Business or organization strategy may be defined as the attempt by those who an organization to find ways to position thus business/organization objective so they can exploit the planning environment and maximize the future use of the capital.(Tyson S York A ., 2000) HR department was initially called as employee relation department in the organisation. Employee relation was a blend of human resource and industrial relation.human resource evolved in mid 90s as a separate department . In earlier daysThere was not much importance given to the personnel department .a famous management scholar peter drucker stated thatthe job of a personnel department was partly a file clerks job, partly a house keeping job, partly a social worker job and partly firefighting, heading off union trouble.But human resource fully evolved slowly and came to be separate profession.HRM is the management concerned with the recruitment,selection,training and development of an organization in order to retain the employee as well as motivate them to satisfy the organizational needs.the basic objective of HRM is to jell and move the organizational needs and employees need in same direction of vision and mission statement by implementing and evaluating various polici es and programs. Scott and others have defined HR asIt is an lateral extension or subdivision extending from the main part of a management which is responsible on a staff basis for focusing as those aspects of relationship of management to employees and employees to employees and with one department of the individual and the group. The objective is to attain maximum individual development,desirable relationship between employers and employees and effective moulding of human resources as contrasted with physical resources. In 1965 institute of personnel management , london defines HR Personnel management is that part of management concerned with people at work and with their relationship within an organization.its aims to bring together and develop into an effective organization to the men and women who make up an enterprise and having regard for the well being of the individual and of working groups, to enable them and to make their best contribution to its success (Tailor,R.K. A garwal,N.P.2009) Todays HR not only do the basic functions like recruiting, selecting, training the human resources, they have move forward now HR managers are responsible for strategic planing.they think constantly and strategically which is very necessary for the organization to survive in this competitive world and for future success. To achieve strategic aim or objectives of an organization HRM make it easier for firms by attracting and maintaining employees and also to manage effectively . Human resource play an significant role to analyze the factor representing change. Changes that potentially affects survival, growth, efficiency and effectiveness as well as excellence, productivity and profitability in business. Globalization has increased business competition. In order to survive and operate now and in the near future, organization are planning strategies with the human resource so that the organisation performance can be increased and can survive for a long period of ti me.SHRM concept is not too old ,it started in 1990s.this concept became popular an gained momentum due to strategic importance of human resource.business organization is existing in a very competitive environment where there is less of resources like physical, information, human. Jeffrey A. Mello defined SHRM as strategic human resource management is the implication of business strategy for all HR systems within the firm by translating company objectives into specific people management systems.the specific approach and process utilized will vary from organization to organization, but the key concept is consistent, that is, essentially all HR programs and policies are integrated within larger framework helping achieve the firms objective. Mathis and Jackson says that strategic HR management refers to organizational use of employees to gain or keep a competitive advantage against competitors.it does so through the HR department formally contributing to company wide planning efforts, o r by simply being knowledgeable about issues facing the organization. (Tailor,R.K. Agarwal,N.P.2009) The Human Resource which is one of the most important asset of the hotel industry in which more than 50% of the money is spend on the associates of the organization, so they need to be empowered, motivated and trained so that they help the organization to achieve the organization strategy, customer satisfaction and the quality of service. The training in each and every organization is to develop the employees to do something good to achieve organization long term and short term objectives. Customer satisfaction is an external idea for company, while customer focus reflect the companys internal move towards customers and communicate between company and its customers. Customer focus is necessary for long term customer relationships and customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is directly connected to the customer service. Making real customer focus within a company requires e nergy and continues doing of work inspite of any trouble. To achieve long term goals, the training must be long term oriented. Different organization changes their corporate culture. This results that some organizations are more customer service oriented than the others. Customer focusing culture can be made through wide training. The hotels must be more open to their customers. In all the organization this had been changed to rash supervision manner to a more customer oriented requirements for changes in employee attitudes and behavior. To get top level of customer satisfaction, the management has to make sure the suitable behaviors of the front workers who in fact meet the customer and provides the service. The quality of service is directly associated with meeting the customers needs and opportunity.Skorstad E. 2009 HR has focuses on the organizational aspects of human resource management. The organizational activities in managing the human resource of an organization giving t raining and development, motivating their staff, compensating their staff etc. carried out to achieve the corporate objectives. The role of SHRM is that of strategic business associate. Giving high quality of employee helping the business managers to strategically organize the role of human resource within the organization.HRM covers most of the employment practices, recruitment etc. Strategic human resource management gives more importance on human resource in the organization. SHRM looks after the managerial actions which affect behavior of their attempt and to create and execute organized strategies which helps them to attain objectives of the business and bring more worth to the organization. Strategic human resource management integrates the thought of organizational strategy. Strategy means to use the pattern of organizational moves and different management techniques to attain organizational objectives and the mission of the organization.HR person should have the consultation skills which include critical and behavioral skills enabling the manager to work with the other managers and come up with strategic solutions to the problems. Thus HR manager is in a superior position t give significance suggestions about the functioning of other departments, solve problems and deliver improve performance. The organization must have a good understanding of their customers in order to understand their quality preferences and successfully implement service quality programs. The interaction with the customers is very important to understand service quality and how the organization is judged this can be done through customer feedback forms etc. These interactions given insight and have been termed as the moments of truth. These interaction and insights can be wrong if the staff does not have the capacity of dealing with the customers. By empowering the staff and encouraging customer interaction with staff and letting them to solve the problems can help to improve se rvice quality and get positive customer feedback. (Kandampully.J. 2004),(Mok.C. 2004),(Sparks.B.,2004) quality circles concept was started in japan.quality circles means group of 3-12 workers basically front line managers meet for 1 hour per week voluntary during working hours,where they discuss the problem and find a solution to it.Employees at the entry level are not very happy because they are paid very low,more of physical work,seniors does not treat them properly, poor conditions for working. If employees are paid adequately and fairly, given safe working conditions,social relevance of work is given,stress management, recreational facilities etc . Quality circle increase workers participation, involvement, commitment, job satisfaction.quality of work life helps for development of human resource. When we talk about customer satisfaction and quality services . Employees should be given quality of work life balance. As discussed in the lecture QWL means balancing the persona l and professional life.the basic concept of QWL is that job should not be job ,it should be the center of employees personal life. Employees should be given time to spend with their family and friends. From the above essay I conclude that in order to maintain quality services and customer care HR has to involve the Staff or employees because they are the main resource of a any organization, A committed staff gives his 100% engagement to the organization. Organization needs to do follow many strategies to make and maintain an engaged staff in organization. That practices are we seen here. The organization not only understand the customer but understand the employee also when organization needs to give quality, care and satisfaction to the customer .only the brand name of organization or equipment in the organization cannot create any product, even the brand name is made by employees. A disengaged employee cannot give a best result. An organization needs to apply strategy in to sa tisfy the employee. The engagement of an employee achieved only with the help of strategies. Organization should give empowerment to the , so that he can bring out new ideas which will help the organization In achieving the goal. An engaged employee will recognize organizations need and work to achieve the organizational objective as well as the individual goal. So that the employee engagement can give Quality and Customer care and can achieve the long term goal for orgaAll the organization today in order to sustain in the market is seeking ways to improve their performance in different ways. These strategies include Performance Related Pay (PRP) system empowerment, transformational leadership, quality management, quality circle etc. It is thus necessary for the supervisor to find some time from his work and examine the performance of his employees and subordinates, to give them performance appraisals. This is important so that the supervisor knows about the strength and weakness of his employees and the employees also understand where they stand in the organization. The employers according to the performance of the employees should encourage them by giving incentives and motivate them by giving them some awards etc. This encourages the employees to perform better and keep improving by them. (Sharma G.K 2007) Empowerment means the liberty and freedom gives to the employee within the organization. Thais means the employee that employee should not misuse it in any other way. It is a HR strategy for winning the employee strategy and wining employee commitment. It is a managerial style which allows the non management staff to make decisions without the approval of the manager. There are some important methods to achieve employee empowerment. To start with quality circles it plays an important role for the group of workers and also for the front line staff. At the time of work the front line workers should meet for one hour in a week willingly and not by force. Second is the quality of work life balance which refers to the quality of being encouraging of a successful result of the work environment. The organization is more dependent on their customers. The organization needs to keep in mind that the customer satisfaction is important for the growth of the organization. The , Service Quality Management in Hospitality, Tourism and importance of the current customer base is vital. It is much easier and cheaper to keep the current customers satisfied and loyal, than acquire new customers to replace the ones that have started to use the rivals products or services because of the unsatisfactory service or quality. This is where the strategy of human resource management comes into play. It is with the implementation of flexibility, empowerment, transformational leadership, employee commitment and empowerment, business context, employee relations, high quality service and customer satisfaction. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic HRM in the hospitality industry" essay for you Create order

Case Study of Karen Free Essays

string(260) " the goal is to† bring unconscious to conscious and it’s not limited to solving problem and learning new behaviors, there is a deeper probing into the past to develop the level of self-understanding that is assumed to be necessary for change in character\." Case study – KAREN This assignment is about Karen Lee who comes for personal counseling. As a therapist I use two theories (Psychoanalytic Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy) separately to help her in solving her problem. Psychoanalytic therapy, basic assumption of human nature: Psychoanalytic treatment is highly individualized and seeks to show how the unconscious factors affect behavior patterns, relationships, and overall mental health. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study of Karen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Treatment traces the unconscious factors to their origins, shows how they have evolved and developed over the course of many years, and subsequently helps individuals to overcome the challenges they face in life (National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis, 1998). As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the concept that individuals are unaware of the many factors that cause their behavior and emotions. These unconscious factors have the potential to produce unhappiness, which in turn is expressed through a score of distinguishable symptoms, including disturbing personality traits, difficulty in relating to others, or disturbances in self-esteem or general disposition (American Psychoanalytic Association, 1998). In An Outline of Psychoanalysis, Freud (1949) explains the principal tenets on which psychoanalytic theory is based 1. human behavior and thinking are largely determined by irrational drives; 2. those drives are largely not conscious; 3. ttempt to bring those drives into awareness meets defense (resistance) in many different forms; 4. beside the inherited constitution of personality, one’s development is determined by events in early childhood; 5. conflicts between conscious view of reality and unconscious (repressed) material can result in mental disturbances such as neurosis, neurotic traits, anxiety, depression etc. ; 6. the liberation from the effects of the uncon scious material is achieved through bringing this material into the consciousness Freud begins with an explanation of the three forces of the psychical apparatus–the id, the ego, and the superego. The id has the quality of being unconscious and contains everything that is inherited, everything that is present at birth, and the instincts (Freud, 1949). The ego has the quality of being conscious and is responsible for controlling the demands of the id and of the instincts, becoming aware of stimuli, and serving as a link between the id and the external world. In addition, the ego responds to stimulation by either adaptation or flight, regulates activity, and strives to achieve pleasure and avoid displeasure (Freud, 1949). Finally, the superego, whose demands are managed by the id, is responsible for the limitation of satisfactions and represents the influence of others, such as parents, teachers, and role models, as well as the impact of racial, societal, and cultural traditions (Freud, 1949). Psychoanalysis fostered interest in human emotional and psychological development traced back to a young age. The human can be seen from a much more holistic viewpoint as one looks at the psychoanalytic theory, which combines the inner workings of the mind and attempts to explain them in the context of a dynamic social environment. Karen-cade study The focus is on how Karen’s childhood experiences create an internalized interpersonal model for relationships. The treatment plan is based on a three-pointed outline: 1. The Problem list 2. Problem Formulation 3. Intervention Karen reports general dissatisfaction of her life, she feels some panic over reaching the age of 39, She has been troubled with a range of psychosomatic complaints including sleep disorders, anxiety, dizziness, heart palpitation, and headaches. She often feels depressed, and she is concern about loosing her looks with her overweight and aging. According to the psychoanalytic theory, the focus is on bringing unconscious to the conscious. Karen case study shows she has repressed. She never wants anything for herself and she typically lived up to what other in her life wanted for her. Karen’s gender-role identification was fraught with difficulties. She learned the basis of female-male relationships through her early experiences with her parents. What she saw, was her father as a distant, authoritarian and rigidperson that every actions of her father should never be questioned and everyone should obey his standard and rules. She remembers her mother who was supportive but critical and Karen thought the she would never do enough to please her. She generalized this pattern through her life. It could be further hypothesized that the man be married was similar to her father, and she used her mother as a role model by becoming a homemaker. In a critical incident took place when she was 6 years old, her father caught her during â€Å"playing doctor† with an 8-years-old boy. She reports â€Å"He lectured me and refused to speak me for week. I felt extremely guilty and ashamed. † She repressed her own emerging sexuality and carried the feeling of guilt into her adolescence. She was not allowed to date until she completed high school. She married the first person she had dated. It could be further hypothesized that she lived up to what othersin her life wanted for her and she generalized it to relation with her children, it’s very difficult for her to cope herself with children’s rebellion especially about her daughter, Jane. She is not satisfied with her husband relationships, and she is anxious over the prospects of challenging this relationship, fearing that she does, she might end up alone. In a general sense, psychoanalytic case formulations always have interpersonal foundations. These foundations are built from repeated child-caretaker interactions, subsequently internalized, and later manifest themselves in clients’ daily live. Consequently Karen’s depressive and anxiety symptoms are traced to early childhood interpersonal experiences andobservedduring her life. According to the Karen’s presenting problem and psychological history, her intervention package can be as follow: 1. to motivate her for therapy 2. to reduce her anxiety 3. to emphasize on primacy on self-experience which help her to improve her self-esteem â€Å"Typical change process in psychoanalytic therapy includes four parts: 1. Cognitive insight (usually a repeating maladaptive interpersonal pattern) 2. Practice in detecting maladaptive   mental and interpersonal patterns 3. Creating new and more satisfying interpersonal experiences† 4. Internalization of new and more satisfying interpersonal experiences (John Sommers1957) As I told before, the goal is to† bring unconscious to conscious and it’s not limited to solving problem and learning new behaviors, there is a deeper probing into the past to develop the level of self-understanding that is assumed to be necessary for change in character. You read "Case Study of Karen" in category "Essay examples" (Corey 2009) During therapy, therapist explores some of these questions with Karen: â€Å"What did you do when you felt unloved in the childhood? As a child what did you do with your negative feelings? Could you express your rage, hostility, hurt, and fears? What effects did your relationship with mother and father have on you? What did thi s teach you about all women and men? Brought into the here and now of the transference relationship, questions might include â€Å"When you have felt anything like this with me? and What are you learning from our relationship about how relationship with women or men might go? As she comes to understand how she has been shaped by these past experiences, she is increasingly able to exert control over her present functioning. Many of Karen’s fear become conscious, and then her energy does not have to remain fixed on defending herself from unconscious feelings instead, she can decision about her current life. † (Corey 2009) Cognitive behavior therapy, basic assumption of human nature: Human nature as believed by my theoretical approach is that we are all capable of loving, happiness, and even self-actualization, however, we also have tendencies toward self-destruction, self-blame, intolerance, and perfectionism. Because we are the inclination to think rationally and irrationally, the theory believe that we can train ourselves to refuse to become upset and resist irrational thoughts by repeating relational thoughts to ourselves and we have capacity to change by choosing to react differently to situations. Ellis assumes that we are self-taking, self-evaluating and self-sustaining. We develop emotional and behavioral difficulties when we mistake simple preferences (desires for love, approval, success). Ellis again affirms that we have an inborn tendency toward growth and actualization, yet we often sabotage our movement toward growth due to self-defeating patterns we have learned. (Ellis, 1999). Although, irrational beliefs can be learned from significant others, human beings are believed to create irrational dogmas and superstitions by themselves and reinforce self-defeating beliefs by the process of autosuggestion and self-repetition and by behaving as if they are useful. Therefore, it is our own indoctrinated irrational thoughts that keep dysfunctional attitudes alive and operative within us. Karen- case study In assessment of problem, behaviorally she acts defensive, avoids eye contact, speaks rapidly, and fidgets constantly with her clothes. She lives with her husband and her three children but, generally she is not satisfied of her life. Emotionally she feels unsecure and unappreciated in her relation with her husband and her children, she has experienced some of specific problems such as anxiety, sleep disorder, panic attacks and depression. In cognition area she fears about aging, she fears of not succeeding in professional world and worries about how becoming more professionally involved might threat her family. She concerns about losing her children. She is anxious over the prospects of changing the relationships with her husband, fearing if she does, she might end up alone. After assessment of the problem, the intervention package focused on the following: 1. To motivate the patient for therapy 2. To prepare Karen to deal with and face phobic situations she avoided due to anxiety 3. To reduce her anxiety 4. To reduce inferiority complex and increase self-esteem 5. To modify her negative thoughts Therapist helps client to understand how to change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts and teach her positive thinking and consideration of positive data in critical situation. Therapist pays more attention to the present time and focuses on causes of client’s discomfort in present time. In Karen’s case the most reason and greatest catalyst that triggered her to come for therapy is the increase of her physical symptoms and anxiety. Karen’s therapist should focuses on helping her in defining the particular areas that Karen would like to change after completing this assessment. They work together and make a plan for treatment. Therapist helps Karen to understand the purposes of her behaviors and then teach her about how the therapy sessions can help her to reach her goals. CBT helps Karen to understand that she is responsible for his own life and she should b active. According to the case study, she completed a course in introduction to counseling, that encouraged her to have a look at the direction of her life and she took an honest look at her life. Karen finds wondering what she should want and what she should be doing. It shows that she is aware of her life and she wants to change but she fears and she doesn’t know exactly what she wants. Therapist should help her to understand in which area she wants to change. The first things that she wants now, is being successful in her professional world. Therapist uses questioning process to develop a picture of her difficulties. Karen’s concrete aims include her craving to function professionally without being tense and worry about every little thing in her life. As a practice, therapist asks Karen to keep a record of when she feels tense or worry and what events make these feelings. Karen indicates that she worries about her right to think and act selfishly. Behavioral skills therapy is good for her because she has trouble talking with her family. This procedure includes modeling, roleplaying and behavior rehearsal. Then she tries more effective behaviors with her therapist who plays the role of herfamily members and then gives feedback how strong or apologetic she seemed. Karen’s anxiety about her relationship with her husband can also be explored using behavior rehearsal (in case that therapist is male). The therapist plays as her Karen’s husband, Tim. She practices being the way she would like to be with Tim and says the things to her therapist that she might be afraid to say to her husband. During this rehearsal, Karen can explore her fears, get feedback on the effects of her behavior, and experiment with more assertive behavior. Next, she is requires to list down her specific fears. Karen identifies her greatest fear is not able to function both professionally and responsibility to her family if she branches out. The least fearful situation she identifies is concerning over aging and her â€Å"looks†. Before moving into this simulated situation/ role play techniques, the therapist first does some systematic desensitization on Karen’s fear items hierarchy. Karen then begins repeated, systematic exposure to items she finds frightening, beginning at the bottom of the fear hierarchy. She continues with repeated exposure to the next fear hierarchy item when exposure to the previous item no longer makes Karen anxious. Part of the process involves exposure exercises for practice in various situations away from the therapy office. The goal of the therapy is to help Karen modify the behavior that results in her feelings of guilt and anxiety. By learning more appropriate coping behavior, eliminating unrealistic anxiety and guilt, and acquiring more adaptive responses, Karen’s presenting symptoms decrease, and he reports a greater degree of satisfaction. As a conclusion according to Karen’s problems, a combination of cognitive, emotional and behavioral approaches (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) is effective and is the first choice of treatment for her anxiety and depression although, there are a number of ways in which common treatment elements for anxiety and depression may facilitate symptom reduction in both disorders. The cognitive restructuring skills typically employed in CBT provide patients with skills to identify, evaluate, and modify maladaptive negative thinking styles more generally. †(Michael W. Otto   2010) References †¢ Freud, S. (1949). An outline of psychoanalysis. New York: Norton. †¢Gerald Corey. (2009). Theory and Practice of Counseling Psychology. USA: Brooks/Cole †¢ J esse H. wright, Monica Ramirez, Michael E. Thase. (2006). Learning Cognitive Behavior Therapy . USA: American Psychiatric Publishing. †¢ Judith S. Beck. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy basics and beyond. New York: Guilford Press †¢ John Sommers, Rita Sommers. (1957). Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories. USA: John Wiley and Sons. †¢ Keith S. Dobson. (2010). Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies. New York:Guilford Press †¢ Michael W. Otto, Stefan G. Hofman. (2010). Avoiding Treatment Failure in the Anxiety Disorders. USA: Springer †¢William. T. O’Donohue, Jane E. fisher. (2008). Cognitive Behavior Therapy. New York: John wiley. †¢ American Psychoanalytic Association (1998, January 31). About psychoanalysis  [WWW document]. Retrieved on 12 June 2012 from http://www. apsa. org/pubinfo/about. htm How to cite Case Study of Karen, Free Case study samples

Close Examination Of Afterwards By Thomas Hardy free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper # 8216 ; Afterwards, # 8217 ; by Thomas Hardy, is a verse form that inquiries the manner that people will look upon the storyteller after his decease. It centre # 8217 ; s around the thought of # 8216 ; detecting things, # 8217 ; demoing the storytellers preciseness and the ambivalency of his neighbors. Hardy gets this across by the techniques that he uses, and the elaborate descriptions which show the full extent of what the storyteller has noticed. The verse form shows the complexness of nature, and describes the rhythm of life. The first stanza Begins by bodying the # 8216 ; Present, # 8217 ; which is really appropriate as the verse form is concerned by the animation of the milieus that it is depicting. The mention to the back gate suggests closing, and is a really precise manner of depicting the terminal of the storyteller # 8217 ; s life. This sense of closing is besides demonstrated in the construction of the verse form, which is self-contained in its surrogate rhyming quatrains. We will write a custom essay sample on Close Examination Of Afterwards By Thomas Hardy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has a riming form of abab, which means that the verse form is soft and delighting to hear, reflects the soundlessness of nature and goes along with the thought of the adult male being soft and # 8216 ; quavering # 8217 ; . It is besides delighting to the oculus as each stanza slackly mirrors the old 1. However the figure of syllables varies in each line, which means the verse form is non constrained by its construction. This is suiting to the content of the verse form as there are mentions to birds, and winging which has the intensions of freedom. An illustration of this is, # 8216 ; And the May month flaps its sword lily green leaves like wings. # 8217 ; This carnal imagination is wholly un-restrictive, every bit good as painting a really bright and vivacious image of the season that he is depicting. The initial rhyme, combined with each line merely holding one syllable helps to accomplish the bounce, reasonably consequence. The line besides shows enjambement from the first line that is a technique carried on throughout the verse form, adding to the overall continuity. The month of May is besides described as being # 8216 ; delicate-filmed as new spun silk. # 8217 ; This simile gives a really precise description of the beauty of spring, comparing it to a glistening new cloth, and giving it an about crystalline quality. There are besides the intensions of value and exquisiteness. The 2nd stanza moves consecutively from daylight to dusk, utilizing appropriate linguistic communication to depict the clip. Hardy is precise in depicting the minute the hawk lands as like # 8216 ; an eyelids soundless blink. # 8217 ; This has the combined consequence of conveying both the ocular speed of motion, and besides the soundlessness of the minute. He manages to make an eerie tone by utilizing the word # 8217 ; sunglassess, # 8217 ; which gives the feeling that there are many shadows and it is non really easy to see. The eerie tone is continued by the # 8216 ; w ind-warped highland irritant, # 8217 ; in which the stop consonant # 8216 ; R # 8217 ; sound adds to the feeling of rustiness. It shows that the storyteller does non merely appreciate the bright beauty of the twenty-four hours clip, but the more mystical quality of the eventide, hence detecting the full complexness of what nature has to offer.The thought of the twenty-four hours have oning on continues in the 3rd stanza, where the first line foregrounds the remainder of the stanza by saying ; # 8216 ; If I pass during some # 8216 ; nocturnal inkiness, # 8217 ; which clearly sets the scene for dark clip. This is carried on by the description of the porcupine and the moths, which merely venture out at dark, which creates a temper of peace and repose. The thought that the porcupine travels on the sly suggests a sense of intent, that the porcupine has a sly, secret mission to finish, which will travel unnoticed in the remainder of the universe. This seems symbolic for the storyteller, who seems to be discretely detecting everything. T he secretiveness would assist explicate the distance that seems to be between him and the remainder of the human existences around him. This distance is farther achieved by the fact that there are neer any names mentioned, or any suggestion of household or relationships. For illustration ‘one may state, ’which is typically impersonal.Stanza four moves from depicting the animate beings that the storyteller identifies with, and is more focused of the storyteller and his thought of the people around him. It is different from the old stanzas in that there is no motion within it, which is appropriate because Hardy is depicting the clip when the storyteller has been ’stilled at last.’ The focal po int switches from the ocular nature the storyteller is so utterly familiar with, to the ‘full starred celestial spheres that winter sees.’ Therefore he is believing about the unknown, and the life that awaits him after he dies. Again there is the usage of personification for winter, as there was for spring, which is of import as it signifies the terminal of the seasonal rhythm where things wither and die.Continuing this slightly inconsolable tone, the beginning of the last stanza seems to give up on human nature. It asks, ‘and will any state when my bell of quittance is heard in the gloom.’ This brings you back to the closing suggested in the first stanza, where he describes the gate shutting on his life. The image of the bell contrasts to the silence of the old stanzas, particularly the one instantly predating it. It describes the sound death, and so lifting once more as a ‘new bells boom.’ The initial rhyme once more helps the line move rapid ly, proposing the velocity that people rush about. The onomatopoetic word ‘boom’ suggests the loud noise that people make, contrasting to the peace and repose of the nature and animate beings that he describes. The verse form ends by inquiring if the people will state, ‘he hears it non now but used to detect such things? ’ This sums up the whole verse form, which is showing how people will non inquire these inquiries. The choruss bring in the new voice in each stanza, holding the consequence of unifying each one. The significance of each of the concluding lines neer truly alterations, accomplishing the realisation that the storyteller knows that he will neer alter the positions of the people around him. Hardy is knocking human nature for non halting long plenty to reflect on what is truly meaningful in people’s lives. Therefore in decision the repeat of the first line, that ends the verse form sums up the whole thought that nil has really been resolv ed. It emphasizes the complexness of nature and the sum of things that goes unnoticed every twenty-four hours and dark. Hardy employs assorted techniques to do the verse form come alive, which is important in demoing his grasp of what is traveling on around him. He uses extended imagination, so that it is both ocular, such as by depicting the colors, and the expressed item that is in every little thing that he describes. The silence is besides transmitted efficaciously by word pick such as ’soundless blink.’ It is besides effectual in placing his affinity with animate beings, as opposed to human existences. 365